Over the course of my life, since the early 1960’s, it became evident that I had an interest in a certain type of character and certain types of stories involving talking and anthropomorphic animals, both in serious stories and comedic cartoons. There were no other defining parameters to my interest. I just dug the heck out of Furry characters, as I sometimes called them.
I was not aware of anyone else having this interest until around 2003, when I discovered that there was a large appreciation society on the net for this type of character that was also calling them Furries, and themselves Furry Fandom.
But this internet society was in disarray and suffering much confusion about how to define an interest on which very little had been written, and which certain media sources seemed all too willing to spread misinformation about for the sake of gaining ratings through sensationalism.
The interest itself is, of course, not sensational at all. It’s about as geeky and disinteresting to outsiders as most other fantasy based fandoms. (Anime, Star Trek, etc.) Yet it's the only fandom I know of without significant documentation on what the interest comprises. And this has not only left the fandom vulnerable to attack from outsiders, it has caused some horrific disputes between the fans themselves.
So, being as I'm a little older than most of the people writing on this topic these days, and since the history and evolution of this interest are something of a hobby to me anyway, I thought I ought to write something that would help provide a better awareness of just what Furry is, where it's been, how it's grown up over the years, and if possible, help outsiders relate to it a little better.
So, what exactly is “Furry?” The word itself is commonly used as an adjective to describe anything having fur or a furry quality? Furry Fandom uses the word similarly to refer to a type of fantasy character that can be an adjective to just about any genre of literature or media, giving it a Furry quality.
Now, if you’re one of the uninitiated, you’re probably scratching your head wondering who these characters are and if they relate to anything you might have seen or read before. Well, chances are they do. Chances are you’ll be quite surprised when you find out the characters this fandom idolizes, and you’ll probably wonder why you never noticed a relationship between them, or why it took so long for popular culture to become consciously aware of this relationship.
To get some perspective on this, think of how some people are pet owners, some forest rangers, others veterinarians. These three things are unique enough that you wouldn’t necessarily connect them, until you hold a convention for people with a general interest in animals, and representatives of all three show up.
So it is in the world of fantasy entertainment. There are fans of animal characters in comic strips, fans of animal characters in children’s entertainment, fans of animal characters in science fiction, fans of animals in arts and crafts, fans of animal mascots in sports, and so on and so forth. And normally you wouldn’t assume a connection, until you hold a convention for general animal characters in art and literature, and fans from all over the entertainment spectrum start gathering to celebrate this idea.
The idea has proved so far reaching that it may attract the pet owners, forest rangers, and veterinarians, as well as people interested in animal related religions such as Shamanism, hunters, farmers and many other things involving animals, because anyone who likes or works with animals in any way can potentially find something appealing in animal related art and stories.
While other fans might not have much interest in animals at all. They might be attracted simply to the cuteness of the art, or perhaps the intriguing ideas brought out in the stories.
But, oddly, when you look at the overall product, you see that Furry isn't really about animals at all. It is about animal characters crafted in a way that humans can relate to. Therefore every Furry character is, to a greater or lesser extent, human. Thus Furry is sometimes described with terms like "Anthropomorphic," meaning "Of man." Or "Allegory," meaning to observe something from a different perspective. Thus Furry becomes the observation of the human condition from an alternate perspective by placing a human personality in the body of something non-human.
In this section we’ll look at some terms that are relevant to the Furry interest and the resulting fandom thereof.
“Funny Animals.” This is a much older term than is commonly thought. The earliest instance of it’s use I’ve discovered in relation to this subject is 1890. A possible origin of this term is the word “Funnies” which is used to refer to comic strips. As in “The Sunday Funnies.” The term “Funny Animals” may have come about as a way of referring to animal characters in The Funnies.
“Fabulous Monsters,” a term that goes back as far as Lewis Carroll. This term primarily refers to mythical beasts such as unicorns, gryphons and such. Actually, this term is rarely used anymore,
"Mythical Beasts" having replaced it in the popular vocabulary.
“Anthropomorphic Animals,” a term that came to prominence in the 1990’s when the comic book industry was attempting to repackage Funny Animals and sell them to a new audience of older readers.
“Anthro Fandom.” This is a desperation term some fans turn to when they feel the public image of Furry Fandom has become tarnished and they want to distance themselves from the fandom while maintaining the same interest. This ultimately fails because the term portends a fandom for the whole of anthropomorphics, rather than just anthropomorphic animals. So, whereas Furry Fandom would be specifically interested in The Cowardly Lion, a proper Anthro Fandom would not only be interested in The Cowardly Lion, but The Tin Man and Scarecrow, as well as the talking trees, the witches, and quite possibly even The Munchkins. One might as well belong to the fandom for the whole of fantasy than to try to pick out the few elements of fantasy that are not in some way anthropomorphic.
“Cartoon Animal.” This is the term for this subject most widely used by professional animators and cartoonists, as well as fans of general cartooning. Though you may hear the Disney animators admit that creating animal characters is a different kind of skill as apposed to creating human characters, they consider both to be so essential to their overall craft that they rarely feel compelled to draw a distinction between them. But whenever it becomes necessary, this seems to be the term that naturally comes to them. Unlike the term anthropomorphic, which is over used in places like Wikipedia, and often seems contrived, rather than flowing naturally.
“Talking Animal.” Like Cartoon Animal, this is a term of obviousness that many gravitate to without thought or cultural pressure. Even when an animal is walking on 2 legs and wearing clothes, it seems to be the fact that the animal is talking that grabs the most immediate attention, demands the most immediate suspension of disbelief. The term is sometimes used to distinguish the very rabbit like rabbits of Watership Down from a very man shaped rabbit like Bugs Bunny, but such use is not consistent. To many it means any animal that talks.
“Fairy Tales.” A type of folk tale set in a mythical anthropomorphic magical world that exists once upon a time, in the back of your mind. A certain mindset that is generated by such stories in youth, and there after provides reference for the many cultural adornments we encounter in life, including Furries. A Fairy Tale State Of Mind in which Furries are accepted as natural, without which adult humans tend to view Furries as invisible, or offensive if forced to orient their attention on them. Something the adult human is commonly conditioned to reject, but which is rarely surrendered willingly, especially in modern times when it has become more acceptable for adults to maintain an interest in fantasy.
“Fables.” Stories similar to Fairy Tales, but calculated to exemplify a moral, philosophical idea, or religious principle. Since the days of Aesop, fables have traditionally featured Talking Animals. This results in Talking Animals having a history of respect among intellectuals and religious instructors.
“Toon. ”This term was popularized by the movie “Who Framed Roger Rabbit.” It may refer to any type of cartoon character, Furry or otherwise. As with "Anthropomorphic," "Toon" eludes to a much larger fandom of general animation enthusiasts. But just about every Furry character is a toon of some kind, or can be drawn as a toon.
"Allegorical Literature." Back in the 1970’s when I went to the local library and expressed an interest in authors such as Felix Salten, Richard Adams and Richard Bach, this was the term I was instructed to research. Like "Toon" and "Anthropomorphic," "Allegorical Literature" is a big genre above and beyond its inclusion of talking animal stories. But it is the term you properly use when you write something of interest to Furry fans that you want taken seriously as literature.
"Alien Life Forms." It's a frequently used device in sci-fi and fantasy to use the attributes of animals to create an alien life form. But sci-fi, as with cartooning, generally does not draw a distinction between an animal derived alien and an alien that looks mostly human. Nor even an alien that is a nondescript blob riding around in a trash can with a plunger for an eye. They’re all ALF’s. But Furries tend to be alien of nature, even if they aren’t being used in Science Fiction. Even comic characters like Bugs Bunny or Woody Woodpecker, taken out of their cartoon context, would lead one to wonder what planet or alternate dimension did these very unearth-like creatures come from? So it could be said that Furries tend to be alien. Not necessarily from another planet, but alien to normal experience.
"Humanimal." This is a term that has been used to describe the mostly human looking animal hybrids and spirit beasts seen in Japanese Animation. The only visible animal attributes being ears and tails, while the main animal aspect of the character is revealed through personality.
"Mascot." This term has two relevant definitions. A mascot can be the animal character that represents a sports team or a product. Or it can be used to refer to those cute critters in Japanese Animation which may or may not talk, and are usually a pet of the main human character.
“Fursuit.” A fursuit is an advanced mascot outfit enabling fans to portray a Furry character at conventions, charity events, and sometimes even to stand in front of a store and attract customers like any other mascot. A mascot generally has a product to sell. What is the product that the fursuiters at conventions are selling? Usually there are 2 products involved, the first being whatever manner of Furry creativity the character springs from, be it a web site, a comic, or even a fursuit maker. And the second would be the fandom itself. Like the mascots that roam around Disneyland, the fursuiters at a convention represent the type of character the people at that place and time have gathered to celebrate. They put a happy face on things for the media, who otherwise would have nothing to take pictures of but a lot of ordinary looking fans milling around artist tables.
“Fursona” and “Avatar.” These refer to a concept that is a product of internet communication, springing from the need for participants to maintain a certain amount of anonymity. An avatar is generally the picture you put on your internet profile, which can be a picture of yourself or any other image you want to stick in the minds of your readers as the image they recognize you by. Furry fans, almost universally, use this as an opportunity to create their own unique Furry character to represent them. This then becomes the fan’s “Fursona,” or the Furry personality they project online. Which, in effect, gives every fan who participates in the online Furry community an opportunity to create something for other Furries to be a fan of. Especially now that avatars can be 3 dimensional animated cartoons that can simulate life in virtual environments.
"Furry" and “Furries” used to refer both to Furry characters and the fans thereof. Why is it necessary to have these additional terms when all of the above terms already exist? As you can see, all of the above terms are attached to certain specific aspects of the Furry interest. But none of them accurately describe a person whose interest tends to span some or all of the above aspects due to a specific interest in the one thing that they all have in common - which is fantasy animal characters. Thus a Furry fan is properly described as a person who enjoys literature and art involving fantasy animal characters regardless of what genre or aspect of popular culture they spring from.
An anthropomorphic character need not have fur to be considered a Furry. Reptile and bird characters are also considered Furries, because they are still considered to be animals, whether they have fur, feathers, bare skin or scales.
Alien life forms are often considered Furries, especially if they do have fur or are relative to some known animal type. And mythological beasts such as unicorns and dragons fall into the Furry category as well. Though technically, a unicorn or dragon should at least talk or display some evidence of human intelligence before being considered anthropomorphic.
A subject of argument in the fandom is that some consider fairies, elves, angels, mermaids, werewolves, vampires and such to be included under The Furry Umbrella, since they all are distinguished by having animal features, such as wings, fangs and pointed ears. Vampires also tend to be morphs who can transform into bats and wolves. And there is a significant section of the fandom that is obsessively interested in morphs.
But if you really want to heat up the controversy, mention that a Furry can also be a mechanical creature, such as K-9, the robot dog from “Doctor Who.” Or that a Furry can be an inanimate object given a human voice and personality, such as the animated candle stick, clock and cups in Disney’s "Beauty & The Beast."
As with the Wizard Of Oz example I used earlier, you are now out to the extreme edge of The Furry Umbrella. Practically leaving Furry Fandom and entering that outer ring that would be Anthro Fandom. Still, one could argue that, by giving a candle stick a human personality and the ability to move and speak in an animal fashion, it becomes a new kind of living humanized animal life form that is difficult to distinguish from more obviously animal derived characters.
In the case of titles like “The Brave Little Toaster” and “Starlight Express,” some fans will exclaim with great passion that this is not the anthropomorphic toaster or anthropomorphic train fandom. Let us please keep some boundaries to it. But titles like these that focus exclusively on anthropomorphic objects are pretty rare. Usually the point is rendered mute by the fact that titles like “Beauty & The Beast” and “The Wizard Of Oz” feature at least one main character that is undeniably Furry, thus automatically classifying it as a Furry movie according to the Ursa Major criteria and pulling it back under The Furry Umbrella.
Now, for the benefit of the exclusionists reading this, let’s ask the question, what is not a Furry? Any character that is completely human or completely animal is not often considered a Furry.
Lassie is generally not considered a Furry, because she has no humanized features, does not talk and exhibits no intelligence that is not attributable to a normal animal. On the other hand, Mr. Ed is a Furry, because he speaks human language and exhibits human intelligence.
However, this logic is completely defeated the minute somebody comes up with an old Lassie comic book and says, "This sure looks Furry to me." This appreciation of Lassie as a cartoon character can then be transposed onto the real world animal actor, and just like that Lassie is a Furry.
Note that Furry is a fandom. Never expect the logic of a fandom to be practical or definitive. A fandom is ultimately built on what the collective likes. And if a Furry likes Lassie, Flipper or Rin Tin Tin, there’s no way those characters are not going to end up in the Furry section of that fan’s library. Fan’s just don’t think about it that technically unless you draw them into an argument. Otherwise they tend to use emotion as the reasoning behind where something gets filed. And it is a well established fact that animal actors don’t need to display human intelligence to evoke human emotions.
So there you have a second area of entertainment material circling outside The Furry Umbrella, but close enough for any fan to just reach out and pull something under.
Excluding things from the more human end of the spectrum is even more tricky. Let’s use superheroes as a prime example of how human characters do or don’t find space under The Furry Umbrella.
Superman, Thor, Captain America, The Shadow, Sailor Moon, etc. are not Furries. But Spiderman, Batman, Catwoman, Daredevil, Hawkman, etc. can all be considered of Furry interest, because they wear costumes based on animal esthetics, and/or exhibit animal derived powers.
Even Josie And The Pussycats can loosely be considered Furries, because the cat ears and tails don’t have to be real to push the buttons of a Furry fan’s interest. In fact, the creator of Josie & The Pussycats is a frequent guest at Furry conventions.
Of the fore-mentioned superheroes, Daredevil would probably be the easiest to dismiss. He has animal ears on his mask, and that’s about it. If they were more prominent or if he also had a tail he’d be in the same situation as Josie And The Pussycats. But as things are there’s not enough going here to attract a Furry interest.
Batman is more difficult to rationalize. His costume gives him a very bat-like look, and his character has an obsessive interest in bats. This doesn’t necessarily make Batman a Furry character. But he does end up with a feel similar to a Furry fan in costume. And since Furry fans are also called Furries, and they tend to be fans of each other because of the costumes they create, Furry fans could look at Batman and say, “I relate this to my Furry experience. Therefore this is Furry.”
Other fans might point out that Furry isn't just about the attributes of a character, but also aesthetics. And, in that sense, Batman fits with things Furries collect purely on the basis of the visuals.
Catwoman, even though being from the same series, is much more identifiable as Furry than Batman. She moves like a cat, talks like a cat, and depending on which back story you’re reading, has a
spiritual affinity to cats. Thus Catwoman has animal attributes in spirit and personality, if not physically.
Hawkman, again depending on what era of the DC universe you're reading, is connected to ancient Egyptian mythology, which portends a connection to the anthropomorphic spirituality of old. And there is a school of thought in Furry fandom that spirituality is just as important an element as visuals, intellect and physical variations.
Spiderman, however, derives his powers from a spider in a science fiction scenario that is more directly concerned with the merging of a human with an animal. Even though in this case the animal in
question is an insect, Furry doesn’t draw a distinction for fear of having the dragons and other furless animals called into question. Spiderman is the common Furry formula reversed, a human who acquires animal attributes.
More interesting still are the scenarios of Gothic Horror. A werewolf, in most pop-culture depictions, is also seen as a human that acquires animal attributes, in some cases by the same means as Spiderman, by being bitten by the animal in question. One also becomes a vampire by being bitten by a bat.
In most older live action depictions werewolves tend to not attain an animal like muzzle. Some fans have suggested this makes a difference. But, since we are now into an age where Furry fans are helping to define the interest through the art they draw, we see many of them do not seem to regard muzzles as essential. While in modern movies, producers are now more inclined to provide a muzzle.
Also, chances are, if you cartoon a werewolf, he’s not going to come out looking too different from any other anthropomorphic wolf.
Some might conjecture that the big difference is that the werewolf is not a sympathetic creature - that the creations of Gothic Horror are meant to be shrunk away from, rather than to be regarded as adorable and cuddly. But again, if we look at the stories and art coming out of the fandom itself, we see that the view of Furries as cuddly heroes and comedians is anything but universal.
Many fans would reject the notion that a Furry character needs to be sympathetic at all. They would insist that a werewolf, regardless of how it got that way, is a mixture of human and animal attributes, and therefore an aspect of Furry. Perhaps even the single most important aspect to certain individual fans.
But where a werewolf character could get by on aesthetics alone, vampires are a much more tricky conundrum that isn’t directly apparent on the surface. It is essential for the vampire to maintain a human appearance - up until the point where it starts morphing into bats or wolves.
Here we’re back to the Hawkman scenario. Does the vampire have a spiritual connection to the animals it morphs into? Does the vampire draw it’s powers from spirit animals? Is this relative to aspects of Shamanism that have proved inspirational to some fans and creators of Furry characters?
The more Disney inclined Furry fan would say, “No, the vampire is not relative to my Furry interest because it’s not cuddly.” But the more Goth minded Furry fan might say “I think the vampire is very cuddly. Sexy, even. And very relevant to my Furry interest.”
At the point where you find something that a niche of the fandom may include but other segments may reject, who do you go with? Do certain fans get to decide these things for other fans? Does even a majority of fans have a right to dictate anything to a smaller group of fans?
If a fandom was a well established society with government and structure this might be the case. But it isn’t. A fandom is not something anyone owns or controls. It’s a bunch of people crowded into a building together, not because they are all exactly alike, but because of some general interest they share.
It’s like going to a rock festival where there are 18 bands on the schedule. Some people may be there because they just like rock and will enjoy anything rock related. But the majority of people there will be specifically inclined towards some bands and possibly even have a distain of other bands performing there. You might even find the odd person there who came to see one specific band and couldn’t care less about the rest. If you let the people who only like one or a few bands dictate what bands will play at the next festival, are you likely to get a variety broad enough to satisfy the general rock fandom?
That’s how it is writing this chronology. I get all kinds of comments from people about how their personal Furry thing is the most important aspect, and why somebody else’s favorite aspect should be excluded. Fortunately, the promoter at this concert is not interested in playing favorites. So, there’ll be something here for everyone who likes Furry.
So, how do you know if you’re a Furry? What’s the rule? Generally, there isn’t one. Individual fans get into Furry for different reasons, and they often have one or more particular areas of fascination within the overall interest that are of special importance to them.
It can be a bit like the bird and the duck arguing in Peter And The Wolf. “What kind of Furry are you if you don’t like cartoons?” asked Bird. “What kind of Furry are you if you don’t attend conventions?” Duck replied.
I find it daunting trying to deal with every little group that sets up in the community to promote their unique spin on what Furry means to them. So I’m trying to restrict this document to the most well defined and accepted example of what Furry is all about, and that I regard to be the Ursa Major Award’s criteria for the awards they present at Furry conventions. That criteria being anything in any field of the arts that features at least one anthropomorphic animal.
So let’s define the parameters of “How do you know if you’re a Furry” to “How do you know if you’re a fan of what Ursa Major gives awards to?” If you look at the list of titles that have received an Ursa Major Award and see a lot of things you like, you might be a Furry.
Obsessive interest is not necessary. You don’t have to be exclusively interested in comics with animals in them. You can like others just as well. But, if you like the cartoon critters enough to be especially attracted to a new comic just because of an animal character, you might be a Furry.
If you have a shelf of animated movies, arrange them in order of the ones you like best. If you find the animal movies leaning towards your favorite side, you might be a Furry.
If you find yourself watching Pinocchio, and you realize Figaro is a major attraction of this film, you might be a Furry. If you then feel compelled to buy a Figaro plushie the next time you walk past The Disney Store, odds of you being at least a part time Furry are getting pretty high.
But what if you don’t get that feeling for Figaro? After all, he’s just a supporting player that doesn’t even talk. And you rarely find any Furry who likes everything that gets crowded under The Furry Umbrella.
What if you don’t get that feeling until you see The Secret Of NIMH, and suddenly you see yourself buying every piece of Secret of NIMH merchandise you can get your hands on, burning up Ebay looking for the stuff and spending hundreds of bucks a month on it? . . . Don’t fight it, friend. There’s nothing sadder than a Furry in denial.
Even at this point some people will say, “Ok, I admit I’m obsessed with Mrs. Brisby, but I can’t be a Furry because I don’t have a Fursona.” . . . Remember Duck and Bird above? There’s more than one way to be a Furry, and you’re not excluded just because you don’t do something someone else does. All that really matters is that you have some kind of interest in Anthropomorphic Animals. If you do, then, whether you choose to call yourself a Furry or not, you still enjoy the object of the fandom, and thus the fandom may be of interest and benefit to you.
This chronology is a perpetual work in progress. There is only one person working on this job, which to be done properly should have a whole team to do research and editing. It’s starting base was it’s authors own experience with the subject and personal discoveries. Over time it has been expanded and revised from information and suggestions sent in by readers. And there are lots of such suggestions waiting to be entered as soon as I can find the time.
Please do help make the chronology as complete as it possibly can be by writing to inform me of anything you think should be here that has not yet been entered. Also, there are some titles that are included without comment, because I either don’t know much about them, or I’ve not had time to write anything about them. If you’d like to add a comment about a title, you can send that in as well, and I will do my best to edit it into the document.
Please address all communication to perri_rhoades@yahoo.com. I’ll be happy to hear from you.
Copyright disclaimer: All images and examples used here have been found loosely floating around the net or are low resolution scans from items in my private collection. They are included here not so much as entertainment, but to support the educational aspect of the document. Therefore I assume it’s all covered under fair use. However, if you are the owner of something used here and would like it removed, or you’d like it to be accompanied by a link, write to me and I will make it so.
Where did Furry begin? Who was the first artist or storyteller to mix human and animal attributes? Probably some unnamed caveman drawing on a wall.
The concept and mystique of Furry seem to be as old as man. Humans have always looked on animals with fascination and imagined them to be more than they are, granting them human characteristics that have resulted in the popular sayings that lead us to compare ourselves to animals everyday without even thinking about it. “Sly old fox.” “Memory of an elephant.” “Eat like a pig.” “Sexy vixen.” “Lion-Hearted.” “Eager Beaver.” Just try going a whole day without uttering one anthropomorphism.
The oldest thing of comparison to Furry Fandom would probably be religion. Particularly of note in Egypt where animal headed artistic representations of gods were worshiped. And eventually onto Native American Shamanistic religions which idolized animals as spirit guides, bestowing on them an intelligence and spirit beyond that of non-fictional animals.
Later, Anthropomorphic Animals became a tool of philosophy. The most prominent example of which is Aesop’s Fables. (620 BC) See also The Panchatantra and this article that more indepthly explores the pre-historic origins of Furry.
The popularity of Anthropomorphic Animals as allegorical teachers of philosophy and religious ideas led to their even greater popularity as a staple of folk culture around the world, resulting in the innumerable Furry folk tales that litter the history of the Christian calendar.
In 1696, Charles Perrault published Tales Of Mother Goose, introducing such Furry staples as Puss In Boots, and setting the stage for Fairy Tales to become a popular literary genre.
Around 1700, Madame d'Aulnoy wrote some books of stories entitled “Tales Of Fairies,” coining the term “Fairy Tales.”
A long history of literary debate followed in which scholars argued about which attributes constituted a Fairy Tale. It was observed that the majority of folk tales being pulled under this term did not include fairies. The most common thing they seemed to contain was Talking Animals.
But, as I said earlier, there is a school of thought in some Furry circles that fairies themselves contain a Furry element. Plus you have also morphing animals being a common staple of Fairy Tales, as well as all these other anthropomorphic creatures (fairies, goblins, elves, trolls, giants, gnomes) that would easily sit in the Anthro Fandom ring around The Furry Umbrella.
So it seems, as far back as 1700, people started to recognize that anthropomorphics do something unique to a story that sets it apart from other forms of literature. Something so unique it required a classification. But somehow it just never clicked in the minds of that time that anthropomorphics were a driving force behind the literary phenomenon they were trying to define.
This opened the door for the development of the modern Fantasy genre. But even at the point in history where Fantasy was recognized as a genre, the scholars once again had their way and Fairy Tales were split off as something different, taking the majority of anthropomorphic elements with them. They seem to be saying that the Talking Animal is indigenous to the Fairy Tale, and any other type of story that uses one is borrowing a Fairy Tale element.
The problem with trying to divide Fantasy into sub-genres and provide rules for authors that would result in easy book shelving is that few Fantasy authors ever pay attention to these rules. And thus the elements which the scholars decided comprised the separate idioms of Fantasy, Fairy Tales, and even Science Fiction, were rarely if ever successfully kept separate.
And so, as Fantasy gradually came into its own throughout the ensuing 3 centuries, Furries found paths to migrate from the Fairy Tale realm, and would eventually be found taking up residence in just about every genre of fiction.
In 1812, The Brothers Grimm publish their first collection of German folk tales. This significantly increased world wide interest in Fairy Tales and resulted in several other published collections over the next few decades.
In 1836, Hans Christian Anderson published “The Ugly Duckling” and “The Little Mermaid.” These are the earliest animal related fairytales attributable to their actual author.
In 1871, Edward Lear penned The Owl And The Pussycat, a Furry poem. It’s unfinished sequel seems almost to anticipate the dawn of Furry Fandom.
“Our mother was the Pussy-cat, our father was the Owl, And so we're partly little beasts and partly little fowl, The brothers of our family have feathers and they hoot, While all the sisters dress in fur and have long tails to boot.”
In 1865, Lewis Carroll's “Alice In Wonderland” marked the first significant appearance of Anthropomorphic Animals in something longer than a Fairy Tale or poem. The illustration of his white rabbit remains to this day the most frequently referenced image for articles about Anthropomorphism.
In 1875, Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky began work on the ballet Swan Lake, based on a fairy Tale about a morphing swan. This illustrates something of the pre-Disney formula, Fairy Tales proving to be an excellent source for ballets and operas, though few were made exclusively for children, and many reflect the original brutality of Fairy Tales.
In 1877, Anna Sewell penned Black Beauty. A story told from the perspective of a horse.
In 1881, Joel Chandler began the controversial Uncle Remus series, bassed on Furry Fables collected from African American folk culture.
In 1890, Beatrix Potter penned the earliest version of The Tale Of Peter Rabbit, opening a series of illustrated animal stories in which the art would become just as revered as the stories themselves. This would inspire the first significant wave of anthropomorphic artists during the Arts & Crafts era, which would not only bring about an inestimable number of Furry children's books, but also a now highly collectible wave of Furry folk art.
Peter Rabbit was the first Furry character to be licensed for toy sales, making Beatrix Potter the originator of the Furry franchise.
In 1894, Rudyard Kipling penned The Jungle Book, a series of significantly advanced talking animal stories that set the stage for the lengthy allegorical animal fables of the 20th century.
In 1895, James Swinnerton began one of the earliest comic strips, “The Little Tigers,” said to have amused readers from 6 to 60. This was the beginning of a symbiotic relationship between comics and Funny Animals - the first Anthropomorphic Animals to appear in The Funnies.
In 1896, H. G. Wells wrote The Island Of Dr. Moreau, the first science fiction novel to deal with the idea of animals acquiring human intelligence through the ill-fated scientific experimentation of man.
In 1890, Palmer Cox began a series of books entitled “Funny Animals.” So little has been written on this subject that it is impossible to tell if this series by Palmer Cox represents the coining of the term "Funny Animals," or if it is a product of what might have been considered a sub-genre of children's literature at the time. But, if you take the series to be a measure of The Furry Interest at the time, it suggests a splintering off from the overall Fable/Fairy Tale genre, forming a new genre that focuses exclusively on anthropomorphics.
Also of note is that these books consist mainly of Fables which can be rather serious, not funny at all. And the Fables are all in verse, which seems to be a trend in other early books that use the term Funny Animals.
I have a strong suspicion that Paul McCartney at one point must have read Palmer Cox. Think of “The White Album” and “Magical Mystery Tour” as you read this quote, “There was an old giant named Bugaboo Bill, resided in England, on top of a hill.”
In 1897, Bram Stoker published Dracula. Though not extensively dwelling on obvious Furry elements, the novel is responsible for the rising popularity of vampires, which are not only humans with animal attributes, but are able to morph into animals.
In 1900, L. Frank Baum published The Wonderful Wizard Of Oz - the start of one of the first great fantasy novel series. It fully explores the art of anthropomorphization. Not only are the animals anthropomorphized, but so are the plants and inanimate objects.
In 1906, Jack London began serializing a series of stories that would result in the novels White Fang and Call Of The Wild. Not necessarily an anthropomorphic series, but significant in the development of respect for serious novels that center around the life and exploits of fictional animal characters.
In 1908, an English banker named Kenneth Grahame penned The Wind In The Willows which, like the other Furry classics of that age, remained perpetually popular and went through many adaptions down through the ages.
In 1910, Howard Roger Garis kicked off his Uncle Wiggly series, which would become one of the first great Furry institutions, spawning innumerable books, a perpetually popular board game, and even some of the earliest children's records.
In 1910, Thornton Burgess penned Old Mother West Wind, introducing his own version of Peter Rabbit, plus many other Furry characters that would appear in books and comics over the next 50 years. Burgess’ Peter Rabbit would soon have his own long running newspaper strip and eventually a comic book series.
In 1913, an anthropomorphic comic strip called Krazy Kat began its run in American newspapers. The strip is notable, not only for its extreme influence on the future of Funny Animal cartooning, but because of its appeal to adults and intellectuals. The strip was actually considered to be of such great interest to adults that it was moved from the “Funnies” page to the “Art & Drama” page.
In 1914, Winsor McCay brought forth the first animated animal character - Gertie The Dinosaur. Being of the silent movie era, Gertie did not talk, of course, but she did comprehend human speach, which makes her the first Furry to grace the silver screen.
In 1919, Felix The Cat made his first appearance on the silent screen and set the standard for the plethora of anthropomorphic cartoon characters to follow.
In 1920, the Rupert Bear comic strip began publication in the UK. Rupert would leave an unyeilding impression on a young Paul McCartney, who remains today Rupert's champion.
In 1921, Paul Terry began a series of cartoons based on Aesop’s Fables.
In 1923, Laura Rountree Smith published “Fifty Funny Animal Tales.” An excerpt from the introduction reads, “Useful proverbs are woven into these tales. The stories will be of special use to parents and teachers who want to teach as well as to have a story for entertainment . . . They will be enjoyed by all.”
This volume follows many of the traditions found in the Palmer Cox Funny Animal books, including passages of verse. But, unlike the title might suggest, it is not 50 independent short stories. It is 50 interlocking sections that tell a single story - each section introducing a different Funny Animal.
Though Laura Rountree Smith was obviously a prolific writer of children’s books, I could find no biography online. She may be best known for her book, "Little Bear."
In 1923, Leoš Janácek wrote The Cunning Little Vixen, an opera for animal characters which, if I read the reviews correctly, is one of the first instances of animal characters being used to approach the subject of sexuality. Certainly when you put theater actors in Furry costumes a new dimension is added to them that doesn't necessarily come out easily in cartoons or literature where it is much easier to tone down sexuality than it is when wearing ballet tights. The result being not so much a fox as an exotic human.
In 1923, Felix Salten took Furry literature to the next level with his novel “Bambi.”
Salten was not the first to write a serious novel about animals, but he was the first to make a career out of it. And he remains today one of the most prolific Furry novelists, though the majority of his works have fallen to obscurity, save for the three that were made into Disney movies, including "The Hound of Florence," also first published in 1923, which would provide inspiration for Disney's live action movie "The Shaggy Dog."
In 1926, A. A. Milne introduced the Winnie The Pooh series, based on the idea of toy animals that come to life through the power of a child's imagination.
In 1927, Walt Disney created Oswald The Lucky Rabbit, his first Furry creation, which he promply lost due to Universal owning the character. Ozwald eventually ended up in the hands of Walter Lantz.
In 1928, Walt tried again with Mickey Mouse. Mickey quickly became a toon superstar, and has enjoyed one of the most successful careers in toon biz, eventually going on to become an icon of Americana.
In 1929, Felix Salten returned with a new Furry novel, Fifteen Rabbits. Taking place in the same world as his previous novel, Bambi and Faline are reported to make cameo appearances in what is said to be another heartrending tale of life and death.
In 1930, Neil Wayne Northey began a series of books called Old Homestead Tales. This series reflects one of the earliest discovered uses of the term Furry in reference to a collective of animal characters. Specifically he repeatedly used the terms Furry Friends and Feathered Friends, capitalizing each to show that this was not an incidental use of these terms. He was either attempting to establish these terms, or reflecting a terminology that was already in use.
Whichever, the idea of Furry Friends seemed to stick, at least into the 40’s where, if you watch Walt Disney’s Bambi, you may notice that animals not addressed by proper names are addressed as Friend [Animal Type.] Indeed, though practically no one remembers how it originated, it remains to this day like a race memory in the back of many minds that animal societies in fiction are Furry Friends. The term is also popular among pet owners and wildlife conservationists.
In 1934, the fantasy genre of L. Frank Baum met the fledgling science fiction genre of H. G. Wells. The result was Flash Gordon, a science fiction comic strip that frequently used human characters with animal attributes to represent the alien people of various planets. Among others there were lionmen, sharkmen and hawkmen.
In 1935, Universal released Werewolf Of London, the first werewolf movie. Werewolves could be seen as one of those common Fairy Tale elements that escaped into other genres. And though the Gothic Horror approach generally looks on morphing animals from an unsympathetic angle, it still very much fits the concept of Furry.
Unlike Dracula and Frankenstein, this 3rd most recognizable icon of Gothic Horror did not originate from a novel. It began in movies and went straight into popular culture.
In 1936, Sergei Prokofiev composed Peter And The Wolf, a piece designed to teach children about the instruments of the orchestra by assigning each one an identity as an animal. A new twist on the idea of talking animals, you could say.
In 1937, Snow White And The Seven Dwarfs was the first feature length animated movie. Though the animals in this film don’t talk, they have the anthropomorphic visual and personality traits that are staples of the Disney talking animal formula.
In 1937, Furries invaded radio in the classic Old Time Radio serial The Cinnamon Bear - a one of a kind freeform fantasy romp through a world filled with more Funny Animals and fabulous monsters than Louis Carroll could shake a stick at. This was the first time Funny Animals hit it big in a non-visual medium where they couldn’t sell themselves through physical cuteness. Every individual listener probably had a distinctly different image of what a Crazy Quilt Dragon looked like. You can download the entire series here.
In 1939, T. S. Eliot published Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats. Another book of Funny Animal stories in verse in the tradition of Palmer Cox. It would inspire the creation of Andrew Lloyd Webber's "Cats."
In 1939, a Furry cartoon called Peace On Earth was nominated for The Nobel Peace Prize. Here an anthropomorphic squirrel describes the horrors of World War 1 to a world preparing for World War 2, expressing the idea that man is doomed to destroy himself if he can not embrace the concept of peace.
In 1938, Felix Salten offered Perri, The Story Of A Squirrel. And in 1939, Salten gave us Bambi's Children.
In 1940, Disney's Pinocchio was the first full length animated movie to feature a number of fully anthropomorphic characters (that walk upright and wear clothes) in the supporting cast.
In 1940, Bugs Bunny was born, delivered by Tex Avery and Bugs Hardaway.
Also in 1940, Bugs Hardaway and Walter Lantz gave us Woody Woodpecker.
In 1940, Dr. Suess published "Horton Hatches The Egg," kicking off a long series of classic children's books, many of which put his own unique spin on the earlier Funny Animal formula of Palmer Cox. These are among the most successful children's books in history.
In 1940, Felix Salten gave us Renni The Rescuer, A Dog Of The Battlefield.
In 1940, Hanna & Barbera created Tom & Jerry for MGM.
In 1940, Disney released Fantasia, which features Mickey Mouse as well as many other anthropomorphic animal and mythical beast creations in ballet style animation set to classical music.
In 1941, Felix Salten gave us A Forest World, another story about deer.
In 1941, Disney released Dumbo, the first Disney feature with Anthropomorphic Animals as the main cast, rather than the supporting cast. The role of human characters being kept to a minimum.
In 1941, Animal Comics began, opening with the first appearance of Pogo, as well as the comic book debut of Uncle Wiggily.
In 1942, Disney released it’s scaled down interpretation of Felix Salten’s Bambi. Even though the movie presents only a few scenes from the novel and greatly tones down the more mature themes, the movie would cause quite a stir down through the ages, indoctrinating many a Furry fan and Furry creator to the expressive potential of talking animals.
In 1942, Horton The Elephant appeared on the big screen, via courtesy of Warner Brothers. Two unique Furry universes would clash.
In 1942, Felix Salten gave us Good Comrades.
In 1942, Paul Terry's Mighty Mouse made his first appearance.
In 1942, the Timely Comics line entered the Funny Animals market with Stan Lee and Paul Terry as significant participants.
In 1942, The Gothic Horror genre once again turned to Furry for inspiration and came up with Cat People. Carrying on from the morphing concept of The Wolfman, Cat People adds elements of Film Noir and directly ties the transformation of the main character to sexuality, suggesting that there is an erotic mystique to the concept of animal people.
At this point in history, America was into World War 2, right at the point where Funny Animals were becoming more than a popular phenomenon. They became an allegory of the American spirit. And it was not at all unusual to see Bugs Bunny or Donald Duck painted on the side of planes or bombs. Nor was it uncommon for Funny Animals to be the reading matter of choice for certain members of the armed forces. See here an entire squadron flying under the banner of Felix The Cat.
Looking at collections of Nose Art, we see that the flyers of the day had two things they mainly liked to draw, sexy cartoon girls and Funny Animals. Below is the most astounding piece I've seen yet, as far as the topic of this essay goes, Bambi At War.
In the cartoons of that era, Funny Animals had freedom to be much more politically aggressive than would be considered acceptable today. There was an awareness that children might watch the cartoons, but there was no thought of them being exclusively for children. They were meant to appeal to everyone. And in their fervor to support the war effort and maintain morale, Funny Animals elevated themselves to the highest peak of appreciation they would ever enjoy.
Another interesting, if not so well known, creator of Funny Animals during this period was Paul Terry. Terry, like Tex Avery, is notable in that he had a tendency towards sexual humor gags that went far beyond the daring of Disney or Warner Brothers cartoons. This demonstrates that the idea of carrying anthropomorphics into the realms of sexual humor is hardly anything new. And, given the popularity of Mighty Mouse, one would have to conclude that the audiences of that time appreciated such humor and were not offended by it.
The comics of that era document a spirit of extreme competition in the creation of Funny Animal characters, such as the modern day Furry fan can only dream about. Yet much of it has fallen to obscurity, buried beneath an oppressive fascination comic collectors have with super heroes that tends to obscure everything else. The only upside to this being that it keeps the price of golden age Funny Animal comics somewhat reasonable. You can almost always find some on Ebay by searching for Funny Animal Comics. Or search for titles like Fawcett's Funny Animals,Frisky Fables,Terry-Toons, and Walter Lantz New Funnies, which are my personal favorites to collect.
In 1943, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry penned The Little Prince, a novel that combines talking animals, science fiction and idealistic philosophy. Often overlooked for its relevance to the Furry interest, "The Little Prince" is significant in that it represents an evolution from the veiled allegorical criticisms of human society found in "Bambi." It willfully uses talking animals to express the idea that humans have got the values of life all wrong.
In 1945, E. B. White penned Stuart Little, an interesting concept about a family of humans adopting a mouse.
In 1945, George Orwell penned Animal Farm, one of the first allegorical animal novels to be recognized as a work specifically for adult readers. Like "Bambi," "Animal Farm" is often sighted as a political reference. And it has resulted in an increased tendency to refer to the victims of oppressed governments allegorically as animals.
In 1945, Felix Salten delivered his last Furry offering, Djibi, The Kitten. He would die in October of that same year.
In 1946, Disney released Make Mine Music, which includes the Disney interpretation of Peter And The Wolf, as well as The Whale Who Wanted To Sing At The Met.
In 1947, Avon Periodicals dropped Thornton Burgess' Peter Rabbit and created yet a third name sake of Beatrix Potter's original in The New Adventures Of Peter Rabbit. (Cover slideshow showing the new Peter Rabbit taking over from the old at issue #7)
In 1947, Disney released Fun And Fancy Free, including Bongo and Mickey & The Beanstalk.
Throughout the 1940’s and 50’s, Furries appeared in a number of unusual tales created for the then new children’s record market. The Furry-Tales on these rare 78 RPM records usually involve some kind of practical moral, continuing the tradition of Aesop’s Fables.
Furry-Tales proved to be a medium in which more enlightened authors could instill in children moral lessons that were not acceptable in general society at the time. One such example is Herman Ermine In Rabbit Town. Here the author is obviously delivering a message to encourage racial tolerance, sneaking through the back door of 1940’s taboos by creating a story involving white rabbits and black rabbits.
In 1949, Furries returned to radio in the series Wormwood Forest, this time carrying pretty much the whole show, as apposed to earlier fantasy shows where Furries had mainly provided the supporting cast, and usually had left some room in the imagination to be seen as upright animals or 4 legged animals, according to the listener’s preference.
Wormwood Forest goes out of it’s way to depict its animals as walking upright, having hands, living in hotels and houses. They are generally human in every respect, except that they occasionally pepper their dialogue with animal sounds to remind you that it’s a cat or a horse talking.
Just about every character in Wormwood Forest is a parody of a well known radio characterization from that era, most of whom only an Old Time Radio fan would be familiar with today. But the show is also interesting from a Furry Fandom perspective, as it is very much a product of a general fandom for anthropomorphic animal characters that obviously was going at great speed at the time.
No one needed to explain the concept of anthropomorphic animals to the radio audience. The show is meant to click with something that was already firmly familiarized in the minds of the general public. So much so that it does not seem incongruous when Walt Disney himself shows up with Mickey and Donald in tow, and the entire cast seems bent on becoming Walt’s latest Furry discovery.
Another interesting thing about Wormwood Forest is it’s concentration on romantic involvements between characters - never characters of the same species. It’s always a cat in love with a frog, or a skunk in love with a woodchuck.
Incongruous and funny concepts to the people of that era. But to the over analytical scholars of our time, something to be wondered about. How, in an era of such prejudice and segregation were interspecies relationships on the radio not seen as shocking? What was their rationale at that time?
Theory No. 1: Anthropomorphic Animals are not real. Nothing they do effects the real world. So they can be as weird as they want to be. And I can feel free to laugh at their weirdness.
Theory No. 2: Anthropomorphic Animals are neither animals nor humans. They’re a unique species onto themselves. Therefore the cat and frog are actually of the same species, and the relationship is perfectly legitimate.
Theory no. 3: Anthropomorphic Animals are not animals, but caricatures of human stereotypes. And we loved stereotypes in the radio days.
Theory No. 4: The purpose of Anthropomorphic Animals is to provide a form of cute surreal non-sense entertainment. It never occurred to us to think about it seriously or see anything in it but the most extreme innocence.
The intro song of Wormwood Forest suggests that the term for what would eventually become known as “Furry” in 1949 was called “Animal.” This matches up with the terms used by the Disney animators, as well as the titles of many “Animal” comics of the era.
Save for “Fawcett’s Funny Animals,” which quite possibly is alluding to the earlier genre of children’s books, there’s not a lot of material remaining to substantiate “Funny Animals” as the term the fandom for this type of character identified with. “Animal” seems to be the word most often used to catch the attention of anyone specifically interested in anthropomorphic animal characters during this era.
Part of what might be considered the vanguard of the modern fantasy novel industry, both Tolkien and Lewis were part of a group that met regularly to discuss their latest writings and the subject of fantasy in general. Tolkien and the other authors were frequently dismayed by Lewis’ preoccupation with Anthropomorphic Animals, which they did not take so seriously as their own wizards, orks and other more human looking fantasy creations.
This illustrates that the plight of the Furry author as someone who exists in the sci-fi/fantasy establishment, but is not taken as seriously as others, has been a pretty standard situation for quite a long time.
According to his biography, Lewis had picked up his fascination with Anthropomorphic Animals from Beatrix Potter, and had been creating worlds populated with such characters since his youth.
This is a story quite similar to that which many a modern day Furry fan will tell about they’re own indoctrination into the interest - developing the interest from stories they experienced in youth and growing up to want to use such characters in stories geared towards older audiences, in spite of derision from their contemporaries.
The early years of television brought about a tragedy for classic animation and Funny Animal fans. As many of the early animation studios went out of business, their cartoons were sold to television. In preparing these cartoons for broadcast on black & white TV, the negatives were doctored and tinted, resulting in a large portion of our animation history being unavailable in its original state, if not irretrievably lost. Read here the fate of Paramount’s cartoons and see also the amount of Funny Animal characters from just one studio that you’ve probably never heard of.
In the 50’s, the main venue of cartoons shifted from theatrical shorts to TV programs. The first TV cartoon was Crusader Rabbit (1950) which dramatically illustrated how different TV cartoons were going to be from theatrical shorts.
TV cartoons had to be churned out much faster and on much lower budgets. But this didn’t really hurt them in terms of appeal. After all, most toons functioned very well in comic strips where they didn’t move at all. And, still being in the tail end of the golden age of radio, it was no trick to create a fully engrossing soundtrack. Actually, many radio actors would go into cartoon voiceovers at the end of the radio era. And it is still tradition today in TV cartoons to have very well produced soundtracks and voice characterizations cover for the most limited of animation.
The bulk of what went on in terms of experimentation with TV cartoons between Crusader Rabbit and the late 50’s is rather obscure. My guess is this wasn’t seen as the most practical means of providing children’s entertainment in a black & white medium. Instead, the era gave rise to something new - sock puppet shows like Kukla, Fran & Ollie and Howdy Doody. Most of which could boast at least one or two Furry characters. Shari Lewis being the most significant of these in terms of over all Furriness, as she was the only one to focus specifically on animal characterizations. While Captain Kangaroo also boasted some endearing Furry characters in prominent roles.
Both Shari Lewis And Captain Kangaroo went on to become institutions of children’s entertainment, popular throughout the rest of their lives, far into the 80's where they influenced some Furry fans to create their own sock puppet shows. While other such shows of the 50's that did not make prominent use of Furry character appeal proved to quickly become dated and unable to maintain popularity throughout the generations.
In 1950, Osamu Tezuka began publishing the comic book version of Kimba The White Lion. Tezuka would become known as the Walt Disney of Japan, applying the large expressive eyes seen in Disney's animal characters to all his characters, both animal and human. This influence of the early Funny Animals would become the most identifying trait of anime.
In 1950, Disney released Cinderella, featuring a supporting cast of Anthropomorphic Animals who very often steal the show.
In 1951, Disney released Alice In Wonderland, revisiting the classic characters who had liberated Furries from the Fairy Tale genre the better part of a century earlier.
In 1952, E.B. White penned Charlotte's Web, a book that, like Bambi, is sometimes denounced as animal rights propaganda, though its intended point seems to be more an allegory of mortality.
In 1953, Disney released Peter Pan, the first Disney animated feature to almost not make this list. But, as some people might consider Tinkerbell a Furry, or at least Furry related, I’m reluctant to omit it. And there is that crocodile, not to mention the mermaids.
In 1955, Disney released Lady And The Tramp, one of the most endeared Furry movies of all time, breathing new life into the Talking Animal formula.
In 1957, Disney released Perri, based on Felix Salten’s novel. Though Disney produced the film in live action with real animals, it makes this list for it’s connection to a Furry novel, and for the comics that resulted.
At the end of the 1950’s, Hanna-Barbera entered and revolutionized the TV cartoon business with a long string of enduringly popular Furry characters, beginning in 1957 with Ruff & Ready.
In 1958, Ross Bagdasarian created The Chipmunks as a novelty for Liberty Records, little knowing that his creation would become one of the longest lived institutions in Furry character history, sans the classic Disney and Warner era characters.
In 1959, Margery Sharp published the first book in The Miss Bianca series, which was a nice series of novels that no one seems to write much about these days. Though you can read lots about the Disney movies that resulted from it.
In 1959, Disney released The Shaggy Dog, based on the Felix Salten novel The Hound Of Florence.
In 1959, Jay Ward began The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, which was targetted at both children and adults, and is something of a pre-curser to today's adult targeted TV cartoons.
In 1959, Disney released Sleeping Beauty, which, like Snow White, has no talking animals, but does have animals with human personality and facial features. It also has fairies and a morphing dragon lady. Like the scholars of old had pointed out, it’s pretty hard to have a fairy tale without Furry involvement.
In 1961, The Chipmunks made the jump from records to television, necessitating a renovation of their character designs. Whereas they had previously been cartoon chipmunks on their older album covers, they now became anthropomorphic characters that were hard to identify as chipmunks. The album covers that followed the well recieved but short lived TV show would retain the more humanized look.
Also in 1961, the radio institution of Amos & Andy, running since the 1920’s and still on the air at this point, had failed to make the transition to television, due to the problem of the black radio characters having been voiced by white actors. Freeman Gosden and Charles Correll still wanted to do something in television with their ethnic voice characterizations. So animation was the next logical thing to try. And how best to sneak past the rising disapproval of ethnic characterizations than to voice Furry characters. Hence Amos & Andy became Furries in the series Calvin and the Colonel.
In 1962, Marvel Comics introduced Spiderman, a superhero who acquires the attributes of a spider through a science fiction mishap.
The advent of Spiderman is seen as the turning point for comics away from the all powerful, self-assured and infallible superheroes of the past. It is the dawn of the fallible superhero that readers can relate to themselves. Likewise, Spiderman’s appearance at this time in history marks a turning point for Furry.
Spiderman was, himself, a new type of Furry character at the time. One that was not a cartoonish Funny Animal, nor a casually created ALF providing background for a human space traveler, or an allegorical Talking Animal. All such things spring from the same basic formula of mixing human and animal attributes. And all developed independently. Now we see the developing of something new from the same basic ingredients. Something that would lead to science fiction writers re-evaluating the potential of animal based characters.
From this point we see a generation that grew up with animal characters gradually applying them to more serious subject matter and aiming them at older audiences. Furry has had a long, innocent and idealistic childhood. It is about to enter its rebellious teen-age years.
In 1963, Maurice Sendak published Where The Wild Things Are, a picture book for children that would inspire an opera, a short art film, and a top grossing motion picture.
In 1963, Tennessee Tuxedo made his first appearance, voiced by Don Adams of Get Smart and later Inspector Gadget fame.
In 1963, the BBC launched Doctor Who, television’s longest running Science Fiction series, still running today. The show makes frequent use of anthropomorphics to create robots and Alien Life Forms. And it is not uncommon for the ALF’s in this show to be based on animals. Even in it's black and white era, The Doctor encountered some of the most lavish, beautiful and grotesque Anthropomorphic Animals the world had yet seen.
In 1965, Robert Crumb's Fritz The Cat was first published in the underground press. Up to this point, the notion that there was a sexual allure to anthropomorphism had been hinted at, primarily in Gothic Horror. But it had been beyond imagination that we would ever see a published Cartoon Animal in explicit sexual situations.
Crumb's audacity at doing the unthinkable earned him instant respect and acclaim. His strip was a hit, and the genie was out of the bottle. Yet another new venue of Furry entertainment had been opened for development - Furries that were exclusively for adults.
Robert Crumb may have looked back on “Fawcett’s Funny Animals” as the inspiration for his parodies. His is the first instance I’ve found of anyone using the term “Funny Animals” in reference to animal characters in cartoons. Therefore it was perhaps Crumb who is responsible for the position "Funny Animals" now holds in the pop-culture vocabulary.
What history is available seems to show names invented for specific areas of the Furry interest, evolving down through the decades as they are applied to other things without the general public being aware of what the terms originally meant. Thus “Funny Animals” went from being a type of poetic story for children in the early 20th century, to a comic book title in the 1940’s, to the title of some parodies in the late 1960’s, and from there being taken as the name of the over all Furry Interest itself, at least by some.
In 1966, Disney began a series of Winnie The Pooh shorts that would later be sown together as a feature length film.
In 1966, Kimba The White Lion became Japan’s first color television cartoon, as well as a world wide hit.
Kimba is significant in the history of The Furry Interest because he was a radical departure from other popular animal characters of the era. He was the first cartoon animal to set forward a personal morality contrary to the human norm and preach it to millions of children. “Eating animals is wrong,” Kimba said time after time. Treating animals differently because of species was also wrong in Kimba’s theology. Humans placing themselves above animals was wrong. And so forth and so on.
Kimba was not passive about sharing his ideology. Kimba got up in your face and preached his moral edicts with a roar and extended claws to silence anyone who challenged his endeavors to prove that all creatures, human and animal alike, could live together in peace without killing each other.
For many fans, this was an eye opening experience. One of a great many projects of that era that just left fans with their jaws dropped, never having known such things were possible. A great contrast to the Hanna-Barbara projects you see surrounding it.
Even though the series was a hit in America, Tezuka's plans to take the series further into uncharted territory scared the executives at ABC out of licensing the second season. If they had licensed it, Kimba would have been the first major Cartoon Animal star to die on American television.
In 1967, Disney released The Jungle Book, the last true Disney animated feature, released posthumously after Walt Disney’s death.
In 1967, Dodie Smith penned The Starlight Barking, the true sequel to 101 Dalmatians which has never been adapted for film, and would seem from the description to be a significant Furry novel. One reviewer describes it as "a story of the attractions and perils of sudden advanced technology."
In 1967, Batfink began - a parody of Batman and The Green Hornet.
In 1967, The Beatles were about the business of revolutionizing rock music, inventing concept albums and trippy TV shows to illustrate their music. Their second conceptual project was Magical Mystery Tour. And, as you can see, on the cover of Magical Mystery Tour, The Beatles are wearing fursuits. They also referred to each other as animals in lyrics like, "The walrus was Paul."
Because of The Beatles, rock music took a sharp turn towards artistic content. Particularly in England, rock bands began reaching back into English folk culture for subject matter. And waiting there to be rediscovered was the heritage of Louis Carrol, Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, and for the more sensative artists of the era, like Paul McCartney, the allure of characters like Rupert Bear. And thus Furry anthropomorphics would begin to appear in Progressive Rock, music specifically geared towards serious adult listeners.
However, while the English embraced Funny Animals as part of their own native surrealism, the American counter culture took a different view. They saw Funny Animals as the mascots of the establishment. Thus certain Steppenwolf albums from this period depict armies of Mickey Mouse like characters engaged in trench warfare, or being crushed in the hands of a monster meant to be an allegorical representation of America. Obviously the folks at Disney never saw the blow-ups below from the covers of “Steppenwolf At Your Birthday Party” and “Monster.” They would have had a fit.
Culturally these images are significant. Why did Steppenwolf equate Mickey Mouse with war? What were they thinking?
Could it be they were remembering the part Funny Animals played in World War 2 propaganda, cross referenced with the awareness that many of the kids who grew up watching The Mickey Mouse Club were at that time being forced into uniforms and sent off to die? Were they saying Mickey misled us? Or possibly that Mickey failed us? Or maybe they were just trying to remind us of who was dying out there.
In 1967, Jefferson Airplane released the song White Rabbit, meant to suggest a comparison between the imagery in children’s literature, specifically Alice In Wonderland, and the effects of psychedelic drugs.
In that same year, Bunny Sigler appeared facing a statue of The White Rabbit on the cover of a hit single.
In 1967, Tezuka followed Kimba with an anthropomorphic science fiction series, Amazing 3. Though possibly one of the most significant advancements to The Furry Interest in the 1960's, it has not survived well and is something of a missing piece to many. The Japanese negatives said to have been destroyed in a wearhouse fire, and the American dubs also having long gone missing, possibly chucked into a furnace when licences expired, like the lost episodes of Doctor Who.
In 1968, the Planet Of The Apes film series began, providing the first wide spread exposure of Anthropomorphic Animals as a vehicle for serious science fiction aimed at adult aged viewers.
In 1968, Elisabeth Beresford created The Wombles for a series of children’s stories. The characters would go on to become the mascots of England’s recycling movement.
In 1970, Richard Bach penned Jonathan Livingston Seagull. This intensely popular best seller redefined the concept of the Furry Fable, in a sense taking Furry back to its most ancient roots, but also firmly establishing a precedent for Furry literature that appealed to adults on the basis of intellectual content.
In 1970, The Disney Company released it’s first post-Walt animated feature, The Aristocats.
In 1971, Robert C. O’Brian penned Mrs. Frisby and the Rats of NIMH. A novel for children with strong Green leanings that utilized the precedent opened by Kimba The White Lion. Here the author makes heroes of animals and villains of scientists, even going so far as to name the villains after a real world government institution. And like Tezuka, O’Brian not only got away with it, he won awards for it.
In 1972, Richard Adams penned Watership Down. It is one of the most referenced examples in Furry Fandom among those who attempt to explain the Furry interest. It achieved a new extreme in allegorical literature through its extensive development of a unique culture for an animal species, requiring a glossary of unique words peculiar to rabbit language and extensive glimpses into the culture, religion and sociology of the rabbits.
To this day Furry Fandom stands in awe of this book, and most serious Furry authors measure their work against it, few daring even to aspire to such literary achievement and popular acclaim.
In 1972, Fritz The Cat hit the big screen, exposing the world’s first major adult Cartoon Animal star to a much wider audience, opening doors to a new adult oriented animation industry. However, though it took a Funny Animal to knock down the walls that kept animation in the kiddie corner, Funny Animals would not play a large role in the adult animation to be produced in the 70’s and 80’s. And, perhaps because of this, nothing that followed would equal the success of Fritz The Cat, which is still the most successful independent animated film of all time.
Also in 1972, the art rock band Genesis released an album called Foxtrot. On the cover of Foxtrot was an anthropomorphic fox. Given the penchant of many progressive rock bands to display influences from early children’s literature, this was not surprising. What dropped jaws was that Peter Gabriel walked out on stage and performed as a female anthropomorphic fox wearing a red dress. Furry tunes by Genesis include White Mountain, All In A Mouse’s Night, and Squonk.
In 1973, another art rock band, Jethro Tull, inserted a six minute narrative into their album A Passion Play called The Hare Who Lost His Spectacles. Incorporated into the stage performance of the album was a film of the band members dressed in anthropomorphic costumes, humorously acting out the story. A song omitted from the album that would appear on their next release would become one of the most popular Furry tunes of all time, Bungle In The Jungle. Other animal songs omitted from "A Passion Play" appear on a collection of unreleased works called "Nightcap," including Law of the Bungle and Look At The Animals.
In 1973, Disney released an anthropomorphic parody of Robin Hood. By the 80's, Disney's Robin Hood had become one of the most frequently cited influences among Furry fans trying to explain The Furry Interest and what got them into it.
If there was anything new about Disney’s Robin Hood, it was the fact that the hero and heroine were anthropomorphic foxes. Previously animals like foxes were rarely portrayed in a positive light. Thus, Disney’s Robin Hood may have indoctrinated many modern day Furry creators to the idea of completely divorcing anthropomorphic animal characters from their relative roles in nature and granting them the personal choice of whether to be heroes or villains. Thus predatory animals like foxes, which translate beautifully to anthropomorphics, could now be looked on as admirable.
Another possibly significant aspect of Disney's Robin Hood may have been the influence and style of Don Bluth. Bluth added a fluidity of motion, as well as more human proportions to anthropomorphic characters than had ever been seen before. Thus his animal characters became more human, giving them a greater ability to mesmerize viewers with their beauty.
In 1973, Marvel comics inadvertently developed a new kind of Funny Animal when Howard The Duck, a character created as a gag, took off and became an unexpected star of The Marvel Universe.
In this way, Marvel Comics became custodian of one of the first Funny Animal characters in comics to attract a more mature audience without an X rating. Unfortunately it would seem that the Marvel company has never known what to do with this oddity. And the character’s creator expresses the opinion that Marvel generally fumbled the ball and prevented Howard The Duck from exploring its full potential.
Never the less, between Fritz The Cat and Howard the Duck, the slap stick Funny Animal of old was completely obliterated in favor of Funny Animals that could now be as serious, mortal and sexy as their creators desired.
In 1973, Alan Aldridge and William Plomer created an art book called The Butterfly Ball And The Grasshopper Feast, which greatly expanded on the 1802 poem by William Roscoe. Intend on creating an animated movie based on the book, the authors enlisted the help of Deep Purple’s Roger Glover to create the soundtrack. Glover then brought in quite a number of notable personalities associated with Deep Purple and related projects to create the soundtrack album, which was released in 1974. Unfortunately, the movie was never to be. Only the short video below was produced, with Heavy Metal legend Ronnie James Dio voicing the frog. Without an accompanying movie, the soundtrack became regarded as a concept album and was subsequently produced for stage as a Rock Opera.
In 1974, Dungeons & Dragons became the first commercially published Role Playing Game. RPG’s opened the door for fans to create their own Furry characters and share them for fun, rather than having to publish them for profit.
In 1974, Roger Corman and Charles Swenson attempted to cash in on the X-Rated success of Fritz The Cat with Dirty Duck. If Fritz The Cat was construed as a high point in the history of animation, or Furry for that matter, Dirty Duck was regarded as a serious low. It can be assumed that the producers had no real interest in Anthropomorphic Animals, but they felt they needed one in the title roll to ride on Fritz The Cat’s coat tails. There is otherwise not a single non-human in the whole cast.
What the film really appeals to is the counter culture art scene. Very psychedelic, raunchy and not a trace of cuteness. But in 1974 the Vietnam War ended, and this would cause the counter culture to abruptly fizzle out. Life became more secure and affluent. Indulgence would be the watchword of the late 70’s, not art.
This also marked the end of an era for Furry. The end of its rebellious adolescence, during which it had dared much and established precedents for all manner of Furry entertainment to be created. But with the art conscious years of pop culture gone, would anyone want to pursue the potential of any of those precedents?
Thus began the next phase of Furry’s development - the quest for identity.
In the late 70’s an explosive renaissance of fantasy began to be seen, much of it having Furry implications.
A new generation was taking over. The world was no longer something to be saved. It was something to be escaped from through fantasy and science fiction. And once marketers stopped thinking of fantasy as something strictly for small children, the stage was set for a new era in which fantasy would remain a serious part of many peoples’ lives as they matured into adulthood and beyond.
In 1976, Fantasy Games Unlimited published Bunnies & Burrows, an RPG based on Watership Down.
In 1977, Disney released The Rescuers, based on Margery Sharp’s Miss Bianca series.
In 1977, the first Star Wars movie opened. Aside from the wookie, Chubaka, there would be myriad other anthropomorphic creations of the non-furbearing variety that opened the door on a whole new generation of sci-fi Furries.
In 1977, K-9 made his first appearance on Doctor Who. Normally there is a very visible line between Furry anthropomorphics and robotic anthropomorphics. But K-9 is an anomaly - a Robotic Anthropomorphic Animal. Still, an Anthropomorphic Animal in any variation is subject to the same probability of popularity. K-9’s popularity proved that Anthropomorphic Animals don’t need overly large eyes and cuddly soft fur to generate their appeal. K-9 would spin-off his own show and has a new show anticipated in the near future.
In 1977, Pink Floyd’s album Animals demonstrated the extended impact of "Animal Farm" on politically conscious popular culture.
In 1977, Piers Anthony began his Xanth series, kicking off a boom in the fantasy novel market, which Anthony would dominate through sheer prolific output. His magical worlds providing a whole new take on the Mythical Beasts and Fabulous Monsters that are of great interest to a large segment of the fandom.
In 1977, a line of animal puppets called The Furry Folk Puppets began production , and is still in business.
In 1978, Jethro Tull released a Furry concept album called Heavy Horses. Each of the songs on the album is either about an animal or has an animal hidden somewhere in the lyrics. While the opening song, “The Mouse Police Never Sleeps,” refers to the anthropomorphic characters in the song as “Little Furry Folk.”
The trailer for the 1973 re-release of Disney’s “Cinderella” also makes reference to Cinderella’s “Furry Friends.” While the character in the 1976 Genesis song “Squonk” is refered to as "My Furry Friend."
The terms “Furry Folk” and "Furry Friends" were not new. They were a long established part of the English language, indicating not just that a creature happens to have fur, but that it is part of that collective society of animals refered to in Old Homestead Tales back in 1930. These terms don't surface much in the 40's, 50's & 60's. But suddenly in the 70's we start to hear them again.
Those in the arts working with Furry characters needed to call them something. And if you weren't into comics, you probably weren't familiar with the term Funny Animals. If you weren't working in animation, you'd never think to call them Cartoon Animals. But for me, around this very point in history, where the term Furry just naturally fell into place was with the novels.
When trying to explain the nature of the genre I was writing in, I needed a simple term to evoke the common element that linked Bambi, Watership Down and Jonathan Livingston Seagull into their own unique genre. And "Furry" was the term I came up with. They were Furry novels. They had a certain quality, a Furriness if you will, due to the unique perspective of intelligent talking animals.
In 1978, Warren Zevon hit the charts with the popular Furry standard, Werewolves Of London.
In 1978, Elfquest began publication. This ambitious independent comic book series featured an element of Furry spirituality, and some imaginative new takes on Fairy Tale elements. But most significantly, it was geared towards adults, and like Xanth and Star Wars, greatly contributed to the change in cultural opinions regarding Fairy Tale like stories.
Fairy Tales weren’t just for kids anymore. And, as explained earlier, one of the most dominant elements of the Fairy Tale universe is the Talking/Anthropomorphic Animal. Thus it was those who embraced Tolkien’s wizards and fairies who laid C. S. Lewis’s fascination with Anthropomorphic Animals open for vindication in this new era of fantasy.
In 1978, Watership Down hit the big screen, once again leaving theater goers with their jaws dropped. Suddenly the bunnies weren't cute and funny. They had claws. They could bleed and die. And the audience would relate to it.
Though Watership Down sold itself well and sent many emerging Furry authors scurrying for their pens, it did not inspire a trend. There was no mad tearing rush to produce something like Watership Down. It was considered just an aspect of a wider general fantasy world, and the emphasis in the next few years would be experimentation to see what other kinds of movies the adult fantasy crowd would buy.
In 1980, Art Spiegelman began serialization of his comic Maus. Like Orwell’s Animal Farm, Spiegelman used animal characters of different species to represent historical social classes in this interpretation of Jews living under the oppression of the Nazis - the Jews represented as mice and the Nazis represented as cats.
The comic was widely acclaimed and awarded. It also became another widely referenced example among those attempting to explain The Furry Interest.
In 1980, Piers Anthony began the Apprentice Adept series, which dealt with such controversial subject matter as a human marrying a morphing unicorn.
In 1981, Disney released The Fox And The Hound. Possibly the most seriously portrayed of all the Disney animal films, reflecting an era that was coming to expect more from animation than the traditional song and comedy formula.
In 1981, Osamu Tezuka produced the first Unico movie. Here he repeated the formula of Kimba, creating a character for children, but surrounding him with heart rending concepts and spectacular animation. The two Unico movies were picked up by The Disney Channel and ran in rotation with their collection of animated classics throughout the 80's.
In 1982, Don Bluth released The Secret Of NIMH, his first venture after his split from Disney. This was to be an idealistic venture, designed to show what was possible with animation when not hamstrung by the then current policies at Disney.
To say this venture was impressive would be an understatement. But it was not a box office success. The crowd it seemed to click with best were Furries - fans of Anthropomorphic Animals of adult age waiting for something in their interest to be geared for their age group. And soon to be Furries - people who were so impressed by The Secret Of NIMH that it awakened the interest in them.
In 1982, the producers of the Watership Down movie followed up with The Plague Dogs, another Richard Adams novel. The less action oriented movie sank without creating much of a blip on the radar. It has strong Green leanings and is rather inaccessible to children. It's premise is actually similar to The Secret Of NIMH, without all the cuteness and comic relief. Actually, it's possibly the second most disturbing Furry movie I've yet seen.
In 1982, Rankin-Bass brought out The Flight Of Dragons and The Last Unicorn. These were well received by Furry and general fantasy fans alike. And they remain today the best examples of what adult fantasy fans of that era wanted. But, sadly, they failed to start a trend in that direction.
In 1982, Cat People was remade as an erotic horror film, allowing for direct exploration of the sexual concept in a more sexually liberated age.
In 1982, Josh Quagmire created Cutey Bunny, a Furry parody of the anime character Cutey Honey. In another cue taken from anime, Cutey Bunny is a furless Furry, endowed with a sexiness never before seen in a Funny Animal outside of erotic comix. And, in another twist that defied all previous reasoning, the first non-X-rated furless Furry was African American.
In 1982, The Shirt Tails moved from greeting cards to television.
In 1983, Alan Dean Foster began his Spellsinger series, which features a supporting cast of Anthropomorphic Animal characters who walk upright and wear clothes.
In 1983, the third Star Wars movie, Return Of The Jedi, introduced The Ewoks. This gave the Star Wars saga more than a passing connection to the Furry interest, especially as The Ewoks went on to become popular in their own right, spinning off their own movies, TV show, comics, records, and a plethora of toys.
In 1983, The Chipmunks returned to television with another updated character design. This time bringing with them a female counter group, The Chipettes.
In 1983, Hasbro brought out it's My Little Pony toy line, one of the most successful toy runs of the era. It spun offa TV series, several TV specials and a feature length movie. And, though put on hiatus for several years, the toy line was successfully revived and continues to be a best seller to this day.
In 1983, the first issue of Steve Gallacci’s Albedo was published. It would be the first time Funny Animals were seen in totally serious Science Fiction.
In 1984, Dr. Seuss penned The Butter Battle Book, a Furry story that attempted to explain the philosophy of nuclear war to children.
In 1984, Paul McCartney, eager to sell his idea for a Rupert movie, created an animated music video as a demonstration. The song and video were both a hit, but it did not generate immediate results towards the realization of his dream.
In 1984, DIC produced The Get Along Gang. This show represented a serious advance towards the "Slice Of Life" anthropomorphic comics that would become popular in the next decade. Unlike the slapstick worlds created for characters like Mickey Mouse and Bugs Bunny, the world The Get Along Gang live in is basically a real world human setting, with the single incongruity of all the characters being Anthropomorphic Animals. But this incongruity makes the characters interesting enough to sell a story that would otherwise be considered too ordinary to even require cartooning. It is the object of Furry Fandom laid bare to function on it's own merit. And the demonstration that this could work was a major inspiration to the Furry comics creators of the next two decades.
Cleo of the Catillac Cats was one of the first TV Furries to have visible sexuality, coupled with a sometimes streetwise attitude to her relationship with main character Riff Raff, who was himself a bit of a Fritz. In certain episodes this could result in an eye opening new freedom of thinly veiled sexual banter and sight gags, which generally went over the heads of the kids, but caught the attention of the adult aged Furries watching. This resulted in Cleo becoming one of the first favorite drawing subjects of the emerging Furry fan art movement.
Cleo wore no clothing other than her leg warmers. Today there is a sphere of thought that this constitutes nudity. But that notion did not exist in 1984. It has not been until very recently that any animal character covered in fur could be thought of as nude. But then, anthropomorphic animals had rarely had such human looking bodies before.
In contrast, The Get Along Gang, produced by the same company in the same year, never allows the characters to be shown unclothed, indicating a possible difference of concept or targeted age group. Since Heathcliff was an established comic strip character, it's possible Heathcliff and The Catillac Cats was not entirely targeted at children, but was rather an all ages show, representing a middle stage between Rocky & Bullwinkle and the Cartoon Network all ages shows of recent years.
In 1984, Eastman and Laird produced the first Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles comic book. The popularity of this title and its appeal to older age groups caused independent comic makers to take Funny Animals more seriously. Suddenly Funny Animals were regularly being pitched to young adults.
In 1984, Ozamu Tezuka released Bagi, The Monster Of Mighty Nature. This was possibly the first appearance of a seriously portrayed half human anthropomorphic character in a film with a firm science fiction concept. Bagi, the character, is pretty much a prototype for the style of mature anthropomorphic characters the new adult oriented Furry Community would develop and promote.
In 1984, the first issue of Usagi Yojimbo was released. Another Furry series geared towards higher age groups which garnered considerable respect and won awards.
In 1985, The Ewoks got their own animated TV series.
In 1985, Critters, the first major Furry anthology series began. It would be an important influence on the uniting of the fandom into a recognized market. Something that fans without internet access could see and gain awareness through that they were not alone in the interest. Though it seems important to note that a quick scan of an old Critters issue turns up repeated use of the term Funny Animals. No use of the term Furry, indicating that Critters and it's contemporary anthropomorphic titles were very much focused on comics, not an over all fandom for the whole of the Anthropomorphic Animal Continuum.
In 1985, Tad Williams penned Tailchaser’s Song, the first offering to challenge Richard Adams’ place as the undisputed master of Furry Fiction.
Williams, while repeating Richard Adams’ formula of creating a culture and language for his cats, demonstrated a background in types of fantasy that are more popular with the sci-fi fantasy novel crowd. But most significantly, he proved that Richard Adams and Richard Bach were not a fluke, and that serious Furry Fiction for adults was bate for the best seller list.
In 1986, DIC introduced the Popples TV series, based on yet another line of popular toys.
In 1986, Reed Waller introduced Omaha The Cat Dancer. Having been inspired by Robert Crumb, Waller wanted to create a more serious, soap opera like, adult Funny Animal comic. And in doing so, he firmly established the slice of life format that would dominate Furry comics in the near future.
Though Waller did not recognize Furry as his idiom. Like Robert Crumb and Steve Gallacci before him, he saw what he was doing as a modern extension of the Funny Animal idiom, going so far as to plaster "A Funny Animal Novel" across the front cover.
In 1986 Brian Jacques began his Redwall series, one of the longest running Furry novel series, which continues to this day. Redwall is an outstanding icon of modern Furry culture. Those who have read it speak of it with a kind of reverence. Those who have not read it wonder what the big deal is. Unfortunately, I fall into the latter category. The most I can gather is that it’s a series that greatly resembles the formula of “The Lord Of The Rings,” every story dealing with wars, battles and quests in a medieval Furry setting. And, given the hype that surrounds "Lord Of The Rings," I can see why this would get a lot of attention.
In 1987, Ninja High School began. Princess Asrial first appears in the story as an alien anthropomorphic skunk who is transformed into a human when she visits Earth. While on Earth life is one long succession of Anime clichés, but when the storyline moves to Asrial’s planet the entire cast becomes Furry.
In 1987, Ranma ½, an animated sit-com about martial artists who turn into animals when they get wet, began on Japanese television.
In 1988, "Who Framed Roger Rabbit" tied the idea of "Toon Town" together in the minds of the modern audience, bringing them up to speed on what the Animal fans of the 40's had been very familiar with - this idea of toons living in another land or dimension with its own unique laws of physics and behavior that make's perfect sense when you're in it and feel a part of it, but which you leave behind in the theater when you return to the real world.
This did much to reawaken the interest in Furry and animation in general as something more significant than a kids thing. The result was the Disney renaissance. And though the 80’s styled cartoons which had been solely aimed at kids were on their way out, Furry was still evolving and ready to take on the 90’s with new, more sophisticated styles specifically geared to attract older audiences.
In 1989 Disney introduced Chip N Dale’s Rescue Rangers. But it was the character Gadget that stole the show. Another furless Furry, Gadget proved to have unexpected appeal to adult aged Furry fans, inspiring tons of fan fiction and an erotic art site called “Playmouse.”
In 1990, Samurai Pizza Cats became the last major Furry TV cartoon of the 80’s explosion, as well as the first of a new wave of anime titles to be adapted for the American market.
As the 80’s drew to a close, the first attempts to market manga in America took place. These attempts failed miserably, but a growing awareness of anime in America started a niche fan base, identical to the Furry Fan base at that time - small, unrecognized and hardly visible.
Moving into the 90’s, the two movements grew together. Both Furry and Manga were considered part of an arsenal of styles available to independent comic artists. And soon artists who specialized in one or the other would find themselves working at the same companies, and sometimes on the same titles.
Comic stores soon began to think of Manga and Furry as part of the same art movement, and it was rare to see them separated into different sections. Throughout most of the 90’s this proved a very pleasant and productive partnership.
In 1991, Sega introduced Sonic The Hedgehog, the first Furry superstar of the video game world.
In 1991, Furrlough began publication, replacing Critters as the main Furry anthology series. It is still being published to this day. And though the use of Fur in it’s title may have helped boost the popularity of the term Furry, to this day Furrlough bills itself as a Funny Animal anthology.
In 1991, Fred Perry began Gold Digger. a manga styled comic featuring a werecheetah that became a staple of both the Anime and Furry fandoms.
In 1992, Disney released Aladdin, which makes this list for having a monkey and a tiger in supporting roles.
In 1992 Shanda The Panda was first published. Though having some issues that are age restricted, the series is comprised mainly of Slice Of Life or soap opera type storylines. It is the longest running and best example of the Furry Slice Of Life series that deals with the problems of real life in an anthropomorphic context.
In 1992, Yu Yu Hakusho began on Japanese TV. One of the main characters is a spirit fox.
In 1992, Ko Century Beastketteers was animated in Japan, featuring Anthropomorphic Animals with mecha totems.
In 1992, Cat Girl Nuku Nuku, a sci-fi comedy in which the brain of a dying cat is transplanted into the body of an android, first appeared in Japanese animation.
In 1992, Tenchi Muyo was first animated in Japan, featuring the popular mascot Ryo-okki.
In 1993, WB introduced Animaniacs. From which the character of Minerva Mink would become a popular star in the fandom.
In 1993, the native Furry art of Japan, called Kemono, resulted in the video game series Star Fox. As with Minerva Mink and Gadget Hackwrench, the fandom would single the character Krystal out as a major star - the subject of fan art and fan fiction beyond counting.
In 1993, Hanna-Barbara created Swat Kats, which, along with Biker Mice From Mars, to some extent show that comics weren't the only venue where the concept of Anthropomorphic Animals was being re-evaluated as something for teens and young adults, rather than just small kids.
In 1993, Antarctic Press publiched the first issues of Katmandu, a Furry comic with Native American influences that sometines went a bit far for the non-age restricted readership it was pitched at.
In 1993. Antarctic Press began Genus, a Furry anthology series that catered to the hentai side of Furry Fandom. Anime's hentai sub genre already had several titles available and was one of its favored selling points to attract adult interest. Therefore, it was no surprise that they tried the same thing with Furry. And many of the erotic concepts that would appear in such age restricted comics are a direct result of Furry's association with anime.
In 1994 Disney released The Lion King. Like Bambi, this all Talking Animal movie proved so powerful that it instilled The Furry Interest in many a viewer.
In 1994, Tonde Buurin (Super Pig) began on Japanese TV. A super hero parody about a girl who transforms into a super powered anthropomorphic pig.
In 1994, the Felidae movie was produced. Film Noir for talking cats. It is one of the most serious Furry movies ever made, and by far the most disturbing. Not X-rated, but even less for kids than Fritz The Cat.
In 1995, Slayers was first animated in Japan, providing a number of anthropomorphic characters in the supporting cast, including Jillas The Fox and Filia The Dragon Girl.
In 1995, Nickelodeon introduced the Little Bear series.
In 1995, Disney released Pocahontas, which also manages to have talking animals in the supporting roles. Even in an adaptation of historical events, talking animals seem to be synonymous with Disney feature animation.
In 1995, Antarctic Press published Tank Vixens, a comic for mature readers intended as a spoof of Anime and Furry clichés.
In 1996, anime unleashed the last major Furry phenomenon on the world to date. It was called Pokemon. The incredibly popular video and card game, coupled with the TV show, took the world by storm and still has yet to completely run its course.
In 1996, Eric W. Schwartz began the web comic Sabrina Online.
In 1997, The WB network brought out Road Rovers, which quickly became a favorite with the fandom at the time.
In 1997, Franklin debuted on Nickelodeon. One of the more popular and long running anthropomorphic kid shows of the 90's, it recalls the innocence of the 80's TV cartoons.
In 1998, Disney released Mulan, with a talking dragon in the supporting cast.
In 1999, Di Gi Charat was first seen on Japanese TV, with its bizarre little aliens who dress and talk like animals.
In 2001, The Carspeckens began the Faux Pas comic strip on the internet. They also invented Sweet Treats, a Furry cookbook series, as well as selling general anthropomorphic and wildlife art.
In 2002, Jonathan Ian Mathers began Neurotically Yours, introducing Foamy The Squirrel as the first Furry star to come out of Internet Flash Animation.
In 2002, Disney released Lilo & Stitch, introducing their first ALF Furry character.
In 2003, the BBC animated The Cunning Little Vixen, employing Geoff Dunbar, who also worked on Paul McCartney’s Rupert project.
In 2003, Jerry Gallen published Org’s Odyssey, A Tale Of Post Human Earth, kicking off a trilogy of anthropomorphic novels taking place in a world called Anthropia.
In 2004, a prime time CGI show for adults called Father Of The Pride featured an all Anthropomorphic Animal cast. The show quickly failed for several reasons, one of the more interesting of which seems to have been protest from a parents’ group against using Anthropomorphic Animals in a show for adults, effectively telling adult aged fans they weren’t allowed to have Anthropomorphic Animals.
In 2008, Jerry Gallen serialized an updated version of Org’s Odyssey on the net under the new title Saga Terra Odysseus. Author’s description: “Odysseus is the first installment of my Saga Terra series, about a world, Terra, populated by anthropomorphs, where two nations, Asgard and Niflheim, have engaged in several wars across several millenniums, and another war is about to break out upon the islands of Britannia, with a hero, Org Odysseus Otterland, being fated to bring peace to his land.”
That brings us up to date, and to the part of the document where I’m supposed to write some kind of summery or draw some kind of conclusion about all this.
In a sense, it seems pretentious to be so over analytical about something so simple that has been a fixture of human culture since forever. Humans will be humans, and it’s only human to love animals. We adore them for their cuteness and the things they indirectly teach us about ourselves. Why then should it be any kind of surprise that the long history of human culture is littered with animal art and stories, or that you should learn a large segment of the human population are fans of such things?
The fans themselves only over analyze it because outsiders insist on seeing something sinister or depraved in it, and therefore Furry fans have to be able to explain themselves. Otherwise it’s just an interest or hobby like any other - only really interesting to those who share it. But as long as we’ve come this far, I’ll try to explain what I see in all this.
One thing I have learned from researching this material is how big the misconceptions are in regard to just who constitutes The Furry Fandom. With only a handful of exceptions, just about every Disney animated feature made the list. While the number of comic strips and comic books these characters have starred in through the decades is beyond counting. Which reveals to me a picture of millions of people all over the world of all ages enjoying this material, honoring it with awards and recognition for its artistic merit. And all of these people who enjoy this material being justified in calling themselves Furries, if they choose to do so.
Another thing I’ve seen are the similarities that so many detractors of the fandom refuse to look at, insisting that the name something is called makes all the difference, as if Furry couldn’t have existed before the late 70’s, because we hadn’t started calling it by that name yet. As if the fans who gathered under that name hadn’t already been fans, probably for the length of their entire lives, some of them at that time being old enough to have enjoyed the interest since the 40’s, regardless of what it was called, or if it was called anything at all.
Was Felix Salten what we would today call a Furry? Absolutely. Walt Disney? No doubt about it. C. S. Lewis? It would appear so. These were the people of their times who caught the enthusiasm for Anthropomorphic Animals and worked their tails off on risky ventures when they could easily have found more secure types of work to create. But they had the passion for that type of character, just as every artist in the modern fandom does.
But, were they the only ones? Or are they just the ones we commonly know about because they hit it big? It seems inconceivable to me that, back in the 40’s, when Funny Animals were at their highest peak in history, that there wouldn’t have been a huge fandom of young people, drawing their fingers off, trying to learn that craft, either for fun, or in some hope of having a future in that art form.
The links that tie the current day fandom to the relative fandoms of old are obscured by time, but you can see in the history a thread passed from generation to generation, artists inspiring other artists to try new things with the idea, causing it to snowball through the years, until it finally got so big that it demanded notice and recognition as a specific idea in the arts.
This stuff has been selling since the 1800’s to children and adults alike. That in itself is evidence of an unacknowledged fandom existing, and waiting ever impatiently to see where the idea would go next. The only change that occurred at the point where the fandom is commonly claimed to have started was the advent of the internet, allowing the fans who had long existed to finally have means of communication.
If I were to put a video here of an artist drawing a Furry character with no commentary, you wouldn’t be able to tell if it was a Disney animator, a comic book creator or a Furry artist drawing it. All practice the same skill, and all would look perfectly identical. Only society seeks to make some distinction for the sake of some useless prejudice, which has no basis in fact.
Furry, like cartoons and art in general, does not create society. It is a product of society, a reflection of it, something that grew up with us as we matured as a society down through the ages. So, if you see something different in the Furry art of today and the Furry art of yesteryear, you will find the reason for that in society itself. It’s not an indication that the art form has changed, or that the artists themselves are any different. It’s just that there are so many things one can get away with these days that previously would not have been allowed.
In times when human society was innocent, Furry was also very innocent. In times when society went through periods of relaxed morality, Furry became risqué to whatever extent society demanded. In times of war Furry became patriotic. In times of excess Furry reflected our prosperity. In times of poverty, Furry sought to sustain us. And in times of intolerance, Furry sought to enlighten us.
We are at a point these days where anything can be done, and the things in greatest demand are the things that push the envelop. And Furry, as always, is right there with society, helping to break down the walls of restraint. And whatever the next generation demands, Furry will be right there, reflecting back who they are, for better or worse.
Through time and memorial Furry has and will continue to show us who we are through the thoughts and visions of those we can never be - those Furry characters who so easily become our conscience, heart, inspiration and sense of humor.
All this portends an artistic idea of extreme relevance, as worthy of respect and adoration as any other field of the arts. It suggests that when one says one is proud to be a Furry, one has a heck of a lot to take pride in. Especially if one has created something worthy of taking a place in this prestigious history.